Appropriatin idea (e.g., an explanation, a theory, a concusion, a hypothesis, a metaphor) in whole or in part, or with superficial modifications without giving credit to its originator.
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In the sciences, as in most oher scholarly endeavors, etical writing demands that any ideas, dta, and conclsions borrowed from others and used as the foundtion of one’s own contribtions to the liteature, be properly acknowledged. The secific manner in which we make such acknowledgement may vary depending on the context and even on the discipline, but it often takes the form of either a footnote or a reference citation.”